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Tokens/second drops after a few minutes

Symptom

Fast at first, then noticeably slower during a long chat or sustained load.

Likely causes

  • Thermal throttling (laptops, small cases)
  • KV cache growth as context fills
  • Memory pressure causing swap

How to fix it

  1. Check temperatures and clocks (nvidia-smi, powermetrics, or system monitors).
  2. Improve cooling, plug in, use a high-performance power mode.
  3. Benchmark at the context depth you actually use to separate cache growth from throttling.
  4. Quantize the KV cache or shorten history.
bash
nvidia-smi --query-gpu=temperature.gpu,clocks.sm,power.draw --format=csv -l 2

Still stuck? Check the lessons or measure first with the benchmark lab.